Cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb, vim yog lawv cov qauv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom sib nqus tshwj xeeb, kho qhov muag, thiab hluav taws xob, tau dhau los ua cov peev txheej sib tw thoob ntiaj teb. Raws li ib puag ncig tshiab ntawm kev hloov pauv thev naus laus zis thiab kev hloov pauv kev lag luam nrawm nrawm, kev pheej hmoo rau ntiaj teb cov saw hlau kev ruaj ntseg tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb, thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm lub zog loj 'kev ruaj ntseg peev txheej tau hloov pauv los ntawm cov ntxhia ntau rau cov khoom siv tseem ceeb. Tawm tsam qhov keeb kwm yav dhau los no, tus nqi tsim nyog ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj nqis tau nce siab, thiab lawv txoj haujlwm kev tawm tswv yim tau dhau los ua cov lus tshaj tawm, ua rau lawv lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib tw cov peev txheej thiab kev lag luam kev sib tw ntawm lub zog loj.
Cerium oxide (CeO₂) muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov nyiaj khaws cia thiab cov nqi qis, ua ke nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb, ua rau nws yog ib qho kev kawm dav tshaj plaws thiab cov neeg sawv cev tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb oxides.
Txij lub Peb Hlis 31 txog Lub Plaub Hlis 10, 2025, tsuas yog kaum hnub, peb daim ntawv tshawb fawb ntawm cerium oxide tau ua tiav hauvJACS, Kev tshawb fawb, thiabXwm, sparking nthwv dej ntawm "vwm cerium oxide."
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv siv ntau lawm, tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb polishing hmoov txaus siab rau lub koob npe nrov rau lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua polishing, tau txais lub npe ntawm "tus huab tais ntawm cov khoom polishing." Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov hmoov av tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb no yog CeO₂, yog li lawv tseem hu ua cerium-raws li cov hmoov av tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb polishing, lossis tsuas yog cerium-raws li polishing hmoov, thiab tseem tuaj yeem hu ua CeO₂ polishing hmoov.
Nws tau txais lub npe ntawm "tus huab tais" feem ntau rau plaub yam nram qab no:
(1) CeO₂ crystals muaj fluorite-hom ntsej muag-centered cubic lattice qauv, nrog rau qhov chaw pab pawg Fm-3m. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv fluorite, cerium ions nyob rau ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm lub voos xwmfab thiab geometric chaw ntawm lub ntsej muag, thaum oxygen ions sau lub tetrahedral thiab octahedral interstices tsim los ntawm cerium ions nyob rau hauv ib tug ze-packed yam.
(2) Piv nrog rau lwm hom polishing hmoov, CeO₂ polishing muaj polishing ceev ceev, siab dua nto tiav ntawm cov khoom polished, thiab ntau dua flatness. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom polished nrog CeO₂ muaj lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua.
(3) CeO₂ muaj Mohs hardness txog li 7, uas txhais tau hais tias thaum lub sij hawm txhua yam kev txiav txim, nws muaj txaus hardness txiav thiab polish softer cov ntaub ntawv, tseem tsis ua rau lub cev puas tsuaj rau lub workpiece yog polished.
(4) CeO₂ nthuav tawm cov tshuaj muaj zog heev rau cov iav silicate, txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog cov iav saum npoo los tsim cov tshuaj lom neeg polishing (CMP) nyhuv. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg, uas yog vim li cas nws tau siv dav hauv iav polishing.
Plaub "synthesis txoj kev" rau tsawg ntiaj teb cerium oxide
Tam sim no, muaj plaub txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau kev npaj lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj cerium oxide:
(1) Hydrothermal synthesis. Txoj kev no feem ntau yog ua nyob rau hauv lub kaw ntom nti siab - siab autoclave, siv cov tshuaj aqueous ua qhov nruab nrab. Los ntawm cua sov rau subcritical lossis supercritical tej yam kev mob, cerium ntsev precursor ncaj qha crystallizes nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug mineralizer los yog surfactant, yielding CeO₂ hais.
(2) Tshuaj los nag. Cov dej nag yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau siv txoj hauv kev hauv kev lag luam. Los ntawm kev ntxiv cov hmoov av (xws li sodium hydroxide, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonia dej, thiab lwm yam) rau cov kua ntsev ntsev, tau txais hydroxide lossis carbonate precursor, uas yog calcined los tsim CeO₂.
(3) Sol-gel method. Txoj kev no siv cov hlau organic tebchaw los yog soluble inorganic ntsev raws li precursors, uas yog yaj thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau hydrolysis thiab condensation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ua ib tug pob tshab sol, uas ntxiv transforms mus rau hauv ib tug peb -dimensional network gel, thiab yog thaum kawg calcined kom tau CeO₂.
(4) Txoj kev Microemulsion. Txoj kev no siv cov txheej txheem microemulsion tsim los ntawm surfactants, theem roj, thiab theem aqueous li "nanoreactor," qhov twg nucleation, coalescence, thiab kev kho cua sov ua kom tau txais CeO₂.