Zirconia ceramics tau siv dav hauv kev kho mob vim lawv cov khoom siv zoo heev, biocompatibility, thiab zoo nkauj zoo nkauj. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum raug kub nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 150-400℃thiab qhov chaw ntub dej nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, zirconia ceramics tau hloov pauv los ntawm tetragonal mus rau theem monoclinic. Qhov kev hloov pauv no yog nrog los ntawm qhov ntim nthuav dav, uas ua rau muaj ntau qhov microcracks thiab txo cov neeg kho tshuab lub zog ntawm qhov cog. Qhov tshwm sim no hu ua low-temperature degradation (LTD). Cov microcracks uas ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem no muab txoj hauv kev rau cov dej vapor hauv huab cua kom nkag mus rau hauv cov ceramic, yog li ua kom cov theem hloov pauv ntxiv thiab tsim cov microcracks ntxiv. Cov microcracks cuam tshuam, sib tshooj, thiab nthuav tawm mus rau hauv cov kab nrib pleb hauv macroscopic, thaum kawg ua rau pob txha thiab tsis ua haujlwm ntawm kev cog hniav.
Ntxiv nrog rau qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov kub thiab txias degradation, zirconia ceramics kuj raug kev txom nyem los ntawm qhov tsis muaj bioactivity. Thaum cov ntaub ntawv zirconia tau cog rau hauv lub qhov ncauj raws li kev cog qoob loo, lawv tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj ruaj khov nrog cov ntaub so ntswg. Thaum lub sij hawm, ib txheej ntawm biofilm nyob ib ncig ntawm lub implants thiab envelops nws, nws thiaj li ua rau loosening thiab tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm cov implants. Lub bioinert xwm ntawm zirconia ceramics zoo heev txwv lawv daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv kev kho hniav implantation.
Qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm bioinert zirconia ceramic nto los ua ke nrog cov pob txha ib puag ncig thiab lwm cov ntaub so ntswg yog thawj qhov ua rau hauv vivo implant tsis ua haujlwm. Cov ntaub ntawv bioactive ceramic, qhov sib txawv, tsim cov pob txha zoo li hydroxyapatite txheej hauv lub cev thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog cov pob txha uas nyob ib sab. Yog li ntawd, txhim kho bioactivity ntawm zirconia tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev vam meej ntawm kev cog qoob loo. Bioactivity kuj tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev sim vivo, uas cov khoom siv cog rau hauv cov tsiaj rau qee lub sijhawm. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, bioactivity raug soj ntsuam los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom cog thiab cov pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg-piv txwv li, ntsuas cov pob txha tshiab, kev hloov pauv morphological, thiab tshem tawm cov kev ntsuas torque.
Txhawm rau txhim kho bioactivity ntawm inert cov ntaub ntawv, kev kho saum npoo los yog kev koom ua ke ntawm bioactive tshuaj feem ntau yog ua hauj lwm los tsim cov organic functional pawg (Zr-OH) los yog deposit bioactive calcium-phosphate (Ca-P) coatings rau saum npoo, yog li pab txhawb bioactivity.
(1) Kev koom ua ke ntawm Bioactive Tshuaj
Incorporating bioactive tshuaj yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab ncaj qha txoj kev. Bioactive Cheebtsam yog mechanically tov nrog zirconia hmoov los txhim kho bioactivity ntawm zirconia ceramic khoom.
Piv txwv li, Kishi S. et al. ntxiv nano-HA rau ZrO₂ ceramics los tsim cov khoom siv sib xyaw, thiab hauv SBF kev sim ua kom muaj zog, cov pob txha zoo li apatite txheej tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw. Cortes DA et al. ntxiv wollastonite rau Mg-PSZ ceramics thiab sintered cov composite ntawm 1550 degree. Tom qab soaking hauv SBF thiab 1.5 × SBF rau 7 hnub txhua (nrog wollastonite hmoov embedded nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj SBF thaum thawj immersion), lub nto mineralized rau hauv HA. Nogiwa-Valdez AA et al. incorporated CaO-SiO₂ bioactive iav rau hauv ZrO₂ los tsim cov khoom sib xyaw, thiab HA tsim rau ntawm tus qauv saum npoo hauv SBF kev sim ua pob zeb.
(2) Nto hloov kho
Sandblasting yog txheej txheem kho qhov chaw zoo. Nws siv cov cua compressed los txhawb cov khoom abrasive ntawm kev kub ceev mus rau cov khoom nto, ua kom cov roughness thiab huv si. Nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm zirconia ceramic restorations, alumina sandblasting yog feem ntau siv nto kho nyob rau hauv ntau lawm. Tam sim no, cov kws tshawb fawb siv cov kev sib txawv ntawm cov xuab zeb blasting, feem ntau yog siv cov alumina hais txog 50-100 μm, blasting pressures ntawm 0.1-0.5 MPa, thiab blasting lub sij hawm ntawm 10-30 s.
Thermal acid etching tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog ntawm zirconia thiab veneering porcelain lossis resin. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem no suav nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj kev phom sij xws li methanol thiab hydrochloric acid, xav tau cov qauv kev nyab xeeb siab thiab cov txheej txheem nyuaj. Tam sim no, tsis muaj kev paub tab thiab txhim khu kev qha thermal acid etching cov cuab yeej muaj, uas txwv tsis pub nws nce qib hauv kev tsim khoom.
Laser kev kho mob kuj txhim khu lub zog ntawm zirconia thiab veneering porcelain los yog resin los ntawm nto roughening.
Zirconia ceramic nto tsis muaj iav theem thiab muaj me me los yog tsis muaj silica, ua rau nws nyuaj rau lawv chemically react nrog veneering porcelain txheej. Ntau txoj hauv kev tau siv los npaj cov txheej txheem silicon ntawm zirconia ceramics, ua rau lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg zoo ib yam li iav-based veneering plooj (veneering porcelain) thiab yog li pab txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas ua rau zirconia-porcelain daim ntawv cog lus muaj zog. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov zoo tshaj plaws silicon txheej thickness tseem tsis tau txiav txim siab; Cov txheej txheem silicon txheej txheej tam sim no muaj ntau, thiab tsis muaj cov qauv kev npaj ua qauv thiab cov qauv ntsuas, ua rau muaj kev sib piv tsis zoo ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb sib txawv. Ntxiv mus, qee cov cuab yeej siv los npaj cov txheej txheem silicon tseem nyob hauv chav kuaj, thiab cov txheej txheem nyuaj, yog li lawv tseem tsis tau tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom loj.
Cov ntshav qis qis tuaj yeem txhim kho kev sib raug zoo ntawm zirconia thiab veneering porcelain lossis resin. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kho tsis sib txawv ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb, ua rau kev sib piv nyuaj. Nws tseem tsis tau paub meej tias kev kho ntshav ntshav twg tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, thiab seb cov ntshav ntshav qis puas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov tshuaj sib txuas ntawm zirconia thiab veneering porcelain lossis resin tsis tau piav qhia.